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Factorising polynomials with complex roots

Factor theorem

Using the factor theorem, we know that if aa is a factor of f(x)f(x), one of the factors of f(x)f(x) is xax-a. This also works for polynomials with complex roots.

If a+bia+bi is a root, that means that (x[a+bi])(x-[a+bi]), otherwise written as (xabi)(x-a-bi), is a factor.

Factorise x24x+40x^2-4x+40 by first solving

  • Let x24x+40=0x^2-4x+40=0
  • (x2)24+40=0(x-2)^2-4+40=0
  • (x2)2=36(x-2)^2=-36
  • x2=36x-2=\sqrt{-36}
  • x=2±6ix=2\pm6i
  • Roots: x=2+6ix=2+6i or x=26ix=2-6i
  • Factors (by the factor theorem): [x(2+6i)][x-(2+6i)] and [x(26i)][x-(2-6i)]